Photobiomodulation

A Non-Invasive Approach to Brain Optimization

Dr Yvonne

5/10/20251 min read

Photobiomodulation (PBM)—the use of low-level red and near-infrared light—has gained attention for its non-invasive ability to enhance brain function. Originally developed for wound healing, PBM is now being applied to neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders, including ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

How It Works

PBM targets mitochondria, specifically the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, to:

  • Increase ATP (cellular energy)

  • Boost blood flow and oxygenation

  • Reduce neuroinflammation

  • Modulate brain connectivity and neuroplasticity

These effects help support executive function, attention, emotional regulation, and overall cognitive performance.

PBM in ADHD

Children with ADHD often show reduced activity in prefrontal brain regions. A 2021 RCT by Zomorrodi et al. showed that transcranial PBM (tPBM) significantly improved attention, impulse control, and reaction time.

PBM may enhance dopaminergic pathways and support frontal lobe activation, offering a drug-free alternative or complement to traditional ADHD therapies.

PBM in Autism

Autistic individuals often experience inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered brain connectivity. A 2023 pilot study by Lim et al. found that tPBM improved:

  • Social engagement

  • Repetitive behaviors

  • Sleep regulation

Neuroimaging also showed increased default mode network connectivity, a key factor in social cognition.

PBM for Brain Health

Beyond clinical disorders, PBM supports:

  • Cognitive performance in healthy adults

  • Neuroplasticity in aging brains

  • Recovery from brain injury and stroke

According to Hamblin (2022, Nature Reviews Neurology), PBM is a promising intervention for maintaining and restoring brain health across the lifespan.

Conclusion

PBM is a scientifically grounded, light-based therapy with growing evidence in improving attention, cognition, behavior, and neuroplasticity. As research evolves, PBM may play a key role in brain-based care for both neurodivergent and neurotypical populations.

References

  • Zomorrodi, R. et al., 2021. Journal of Neural Transmission, 128(9), pp.1415–1426.

  • Lim, R. et al., 2023. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, p.1170503.

  • Barrett, D.W. & Gonzalez-Lima, F., 2013. Neuroscience, 230, pp.13–23.

  • Hamblin, M.R., 2022. Nature Reviews Neurology, 18(10), pp.591–604.